(7−14) In order to produce hydrogen by means of photo- and electrocatalyses, a catalytic system is required which should possess remarkable optoelectronic properties along with advanced thermal and chemical stabilities since such processes involve transfer of charged carriers (e ––h + pairs). One of the most recent off-shoot of the environmental deterioration is global warming (1−6) which has compelled researchers to come up with sustainable sources of energy such as hydrogen generation by sustainable routes such as photocatalytic and electrocatalytic water splitting. Electrochemical water-splitting studies also stressed upon the superiority of Cr-doped SnO 2 nanostructures over pristine SnO 2 toward hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction responses.Įver since the rise of industrial revolution, the planet has been subjected to extremities of environmental deterioration that have been caused by human activities. Photocatalytic H 2 generation of as-prepared Cr-doped SnO 2 nanostructures showed improved effect of the increasing dopant concentration with narrowing of the band gap. The optical band gap was found in the range of 3.23–3.67 eV and the specific surface area was in the range of 108–225 m 2/g, which contributes to the significantly enhanced photocatalytic and electrochemical performance. The particle shape and size, band gap, and specific surface area of the samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, UV–visible diffused reflectance spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area studies. The as-prepared nanoparticles showed a rutile tetragonal structure with a rough undefined morphology having no other elemental impurities. Cr-doped SnO 2 nanostructures with a dopant concentration ranging from 1 to 5% have been successfully prepared using low-temperature modified solvothermal synthesis.
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